ABSTRACT
Objectives: We sought to evaluate the effects of omega-3 and vitamin E co-supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness [CIMT] and inflammatory factors in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS]
Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was done among 60 women with PCOS. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups [n = 30 each group] and assigned to take either 1000 mg omega-3 plus 400 IU vitamin E supplements or a placebo for 12 weeks
Results: Compared with placebo, omega-3 and vitamin E co-supplementation led to significant decreases in maximum levels of left CIMT [-0.006 +/- 0.006 vs. +0.002 +/- 0.007 mm, p < 0.001], mean levels of left CIMT [-0.005 +/- 0.006 vs. +0.002 +/- 0.010 mm, p = 0.010], maximum levels of right CIMT [-0.006 +/- 0.010 vs. +0.006 +/- 0.010 mm, p = 0.010], and mean levels of right CIMT [-0.005 +/- 0.005 vs. +0.001 +/- 0.010 mm, p = 0.020]. Change in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP] [-390.6 +/- 942.9 vs. +237.0 +/- 754.3 ng/mL, p = 0.006] was significantly different between the supplemented patients and placebo group. We did not observe any significant effect in plasma nitric oxide [NO] values following supplementation with omega-3 plus vitamin E compared with the placebo
Conclusions: Co-supplementation with omega-3 and vitamin E for 12 weeks among patients with PCOS had beneficial effects on CIMT and serum hs-CRP values, but unchanged NO values
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Although several attempts have been made to decrease lipid profile through consumption of probiotic-containing products among pregnant women, limited data are available assessing the effects of synbiotic foods. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of daily consumption of a synbiotic Gaz on blood lipid profile and biomarkers of oxidative stress including plasma total antioxidant capacity [TAC] and total glutathione [GSH] in pregnant women
Materials and Methods: This randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was performed on 52 primigravida pregnant women, aged 18-35 year old at their third trimester. After a 2 week run-in period, subjects were randomly assigned to consume either a synbiotic [n=26] or control food [n=26] for 9 weeks. The synbiotic Gaz consisted of a probiotic viable and heat-resistant Lactobacillus sporogenes [1×107 CFU] and 0.04 g inulin /g as the prebiotic. Patients were asked to consume the synbiotic and control Gaz twice a day. Biochemical measurements including blood lipid profile, plasma total antioxidant capacity [TAC] and total glutathione [GSH] were conducted before and after 9 weeks of intervention
Results: Consumption of synbiotic Gaz for 9 weeks resulted in a significant reduction in serum TAG [P=0.04], VLDL [P=0.04] and a significant rise in plasma GSH levels [P=0.004] compared to the control Gaz. No significant effect of the synbiotic Gaz consumption on serum TC, LDL, HDL or plasma TAC levels were observed
Conclusion: Consumption of synbiotic Gaz for 9 weeks resulted in decreased serum triglycerides, VLDLcholesterol and increased plasma total GSH levels compared with the control Gaz among pregnant women
ABSTRACT
Increased requirement and decreased dietary intakes of micronutrients during pregnancy might affect maternal health and pregnancy outcomes. This study was aimed to examine the effects of two types of multiple micronutrient supplementations on pregnancy outcomes in Kashan, Iran. In a randomized single-blind controlled clinical trial, 104 primigravid singleton pregnant women aged 18-30 years were randomly assigned to receive either a multivitamin [n - 51] or a multivitamin-mineral [n - 53] supplements for 20 weeks. Participants consumed supplements once a day at week 16 of gestation. Maternal anthropometric data as well as newborn's weight, height, head circumference and 5-min Apgar score were also determined. Independent samples /-test was used for comparing between-group means. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify determinants of newborn's weight, height and head circumference. Women taking multivitamin-mineral supplements gained marginally less weight until week 28 than those taking multivitamin supplements [weight at week 28 of gestation: 67.5 +/- 11.4 vs. 71.6 +/- 10.3 kg, P = 0.06]. Mean body mass index at week 28 [25.8 +/- 4.0 vs. 28.4 +/- 3.7 kg/m[2], P = 0.001] as well as at delivery [28.0 +/- 3.9 vs. 30.1 +/- 3.8 kg/m[2], P = 0.006] was lower among women taking multivitamin-mineral supplements than those taking multivitamin supplements. Although no significant difference was seen in newborns7 height and Apgar score between the two groups, mean birth weight [3.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.1 +/- 0.4 kg, P = 0.04] and head circumference [35 +/- 1.4 vs. 34 +/- 1.3cm, P< 0.0001] of the infants whose mothers receiving multivitamin-mineral supplements were higher than those whose mothers received multivitamins. Multivitamin-mineral use by pregnant women was a significant predictor of infants' weight [P =0.191, P = 0.03] and head circumference [p =0.907, P = 0.005]. In conclusion, we found that birth weight and head circumference was increased in infants whose mothers received multivitamin-mineral supplements for 5 months during pregnancy compared with infants whose mothers received multivitamin supplements
ABSTRACT
Micronutrient deficiency during pregnancy is associated with several complications. This study was designed to determine the effects of received multivitamin-mineral vs. multivitamin supplements on maternal, newborns' biochemical indicators, and birth size. This double-blind randomized-controlled clinical trial was conducted among 48 Iranian pregnant women, primigravida, aged 18-35 years old in their second and third trimester from December 2011 to September 2012. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either the multivitamin-mineral [n=24] or multivitamin supplements [n=24] for 20 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after a 20-week intervention of pregnant women as well as umbilical cord blood of the babies immediately after delivery to measure serum calcium, vitamin D, iron, magnesium, zinc and biomarkers of oxidative stress including plasma total antioxidant capacity and total glutathione. Multivitamin-mineral compared to multivitamin supplementation resulted in a significant increase in maternal serum calcium [0.5 vs. -0.1 mg/dL, p=0.04] and magnesium levels [0.1 vs. -0.2 mg/dL, p<0.001]. Furthermore, mean plasma total glutathione levels [1791 +/- 566 vs. 1434 +/- 622 micro mol/l, p=0.04] of the newborns whose mothers received multivitamin-mineral were higher than those whose mothers received multivitamin supplements. Overall, multivitamin-mineral compared to multivitamin supplementation for 20 weeks during pregnancy resulted in a significant increase in maternal serum calcium and magnesium levels as well as a significant elevation of newborn plasma total glutathione levels.
ABSTRACT
Daily use and persistence in food consumption, provides grounds for fraudsters to reduce production costs act to various adulterations and thereby threat people's health. This study carried out to survey new distinguish methods in the detection of fraud of produced lemon juice in Iran. Study was conducted with a diagnostic design on 45 samples of lemon juice from 45 factories of producing lemon juice in Iran. The tests of the amount of sodium, potassium, optical rotation, total amino acid and polyphenols were done according to reference books for the detection of fraud in produced lemon juice.Furthermore, the tests of amount of brix, pH, acidity and formalin index were conducted according to national standard of Iran. The condition of produced lemon juice of Iran showed that there was a significant difference between mean sodium of normal versus feigned lemon juice [23.73 vs. 87.33 mg/dL, P<0.0001], potassium [149.07 vs. 63.56 mg/dL, P<0.0001], optical rotation [1.91 vs. 0.72 meq/dL, P<0.0001], total amino acid [247.79 vs. 84.66 mg/dL, P<0.0001] and polyphenols [1.8 vs. 0.81, P<0.0001]. Sensitivity of total amino acid, polyphenols, optical rotation, sodium, potassium, brix, acidity, formalin index, matter dry and pH methods compared with protein were 91.3, 100, 100,100,100, 66.17, 66.17, 66.17, 66.17 and 68.96, respectively. Values of potassium, optical rotation, total amino acid and polyphenols in feigned samples were low but value of sodium was high
ABSTRACT
To reach fetal appropriate growth during the third trimester, the requirements for dietary calcium and iron intakes during the pregnancy increases. This study was carried out to determine the effects of daily consumption of probiotic yoghurt on serum calcium and iron levels and liver enzymes among Iranian healthy pregnant women. In this controlled clinical trial, 70 primigravida pregnant women carrying singleton pregnancy at their third trimester were participated. Participants were randomly divided into two groups of consuming 200 g/d of conventional [n = 33] or probiotic yogurts [n = 37] for 9 weeks. The probiotic yogurt contained Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis with a total of min 1 x 10[7] CFU. To measure serum calcium, iron, aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT] levels, blood samples were drawn in a fasting state at baseline and after 9 weeks intervention. Consumption of probiotic yogurt resulted in maintaining serum calcium levels compared with the conventional yogurt [P = 0.01]. Within group differences in the conventional yogurt group revealed a significant reduction of serum calcium levels [-1.7 mg/dL, P < 0.0001].No significant differences were found between the two yogurts in terms of their effects on serum iron, AST and ALT levels. Consumption of probiotic yogurt among pregnant women resulted in maintaining serum calcium levels compared with the conventional yogurt; however, it could not affect serum iron, ALT and AST levels
ABSTRACT
Zinc and Iron are essential micronutrients in fetus growth and development. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of maternal serum Zinc, Hemoglobin and Ferritin levels with their newborns weight, height and head circumference. This cross sectional-analytical study carried out among pregnant women referred to Naghavi Polyclinic, Kashan, Iran from November 2009 to October 2010. One hundred and twenty-nine pregnant women in the third trimester were selected and anthropometric factors of their newborns [weight, height and head circumference] and their relation to serum Zn, Hemoglobin and Ferritin concentrations were assessed. Serum Hemoglobin deficiency [<11g/dl], serum Ferritin deficiency [<12 microg/L] and serum Zn deficiency [<66 microg/dl] were present in 11 [85%], 9 [7%] and 9 [7%] women, respectively. The proportion of newborns with birth weight of 2500-2999 g was greater among mothers with lower Hemoglobin [<11 g/dl] compared to mothers with normal Hemoglobin [>/= 11 g/dl;p-0.04] Multiple regression analysis showed that among biochemical characteristics of pregnant women, serum Hemoglobin levels were positively correlated with low birth weight [beta=0.26; p=0.04]. But serum Zn and Ferritin levels were not significantly associated with weight, height and head circumference. Low maternal serum hemoglobin levels are associated with low birth weight and does not have any association with birth height or head circumference; but there was no significant association between maternal serum zinc and Ferritin levels with weight, height and head circumference
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Hemoglobins , Ferritins/blood , Pregnancy , Birth Weight , Body Height , Head , Infant, Newborn , Cross-Sectional Studies , Infant, Low Birth WeightABSTRACT
To determine the plasma total antioxidant capacity [TAC] and its related factors in pregnant Iranian women attending maternity clinics. In a cross-sectional study carried out in Naghavi Maternity Clinic, Shaheed Beheshti Specialty and Subspecialty Polyclinic and 10 antenatal centers, affiliated to Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran, we determined the plasma TAC and its related factors including maternal age, weight, and body mass index [BMI] at the beginning, thirteenth, and twenty-first to twenty-fourth weeks of pregnancy, and gestational age at the twenty-first to twenty-fourth weeks of pregnancy in 137 primigravid pregnant women, 18-30 years old from October 2010 to March 2011. We used multiple linear regression to assess the relationship between TAC and its related factors. Plasma TAC in the twenty-first to twenty-fourth weeks of pregnancy was 0.75 +/- 0.11 mmol/l. The BMI at the beginning was 25.06 +/- 4, 25.72 +/- 4.13 at the thirteenth, and 26.95 +/- 4.19 kg/m[2] at the twenty-first to twenty-fourth weeks of pregnancy. Multiple regression analysis showed that gestational age was inversely associated with the plasma TAC [beta: -0.234, p=0.007]. Regression analysis also suggested a trend toward significant association between maternal age and plasma TAC [beta: 0.150, p=0.080], but there was no association between other variables and plasma TAC. Gestational age was inversely correlated with plasma TAC and maternal age had a trend toward significant association with TAC in 18-30 year-old Iranian pregnant women in their sixth month of pregnancy
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Gestational Age , Body Mass Index , Regression AnalysisABSTRACT
Due to economic and biological, evaluation of the protein quality in food substances is of great importance. Therefore, biological, microbiological, chemical and combinational methods have been introduced and used to determine protein quality, among which suggested appropriate methods include net protein ratio [NPR], relative NPR, true protein digestability [TPD] and protein efficacy ratio [PER]. Regarding the importance of protein quality, particularly in lowincome families, this study was conducted in 2006 [1385] to compare the protein value of wheat-based cerelac [commereial] and Mixed Noodle-Soybean [domestic food] in rats. This experimental study was conducted on 64 male wistar rats of 21-day age, divided into eight groups receiving eight varying diets: 4 diets including cases [commercial and domestic baby food], standard [casein + Methionine] and basal [protein free] to investigate NPR, RNPR and PER and 4 diets to investigate TPD. NPR investigation lasted 14 days. To calculate NPR, protein intake and weight gain were determined in rats. TPD investigation took 9 days, and to calculate TPD, nitrogen intake and fecal nitrogen were determined. PER was investigated in 28 days and to calculate it, protein intake and weight change were observed in rats. NPR, RNPR, TPD and PER for the casein + Methionie group with 2 commercial and 2 domestic baby food samples were analyzed using t-test. for casein + Methionine, Cerelac and domestic food group, respectively we found NPRs 4.3 +/- 0.4, 4.3 +/- 0.9 and 3.6 +/- 0.2; TPDs 92.8 +/- 4, 87 +/- 8; 88.5 +/- 4.1; PERs 3 +/- 0.2, 2.5 +/- 0.4 and 2.9 +/- 0.2. Also, difference of NPR and TPD were not significant across the two groups but that of PER was significant. According to the findings, NPR of the domestic noodles+soybean food is lower than commercial cerelac but acceptable. Also, its PER and TPD are higher